How Do Semi Truck Differentials Work?

Semi truck differentials are a critical component of the drivetrain, transferring torque from the engine to the wheels and allowing them to turn at different speeds when going around corners. Without a differential, semi truck drivers would not be able to maneuver their vehicles safely. Every semi truck on the road today has a differential, and understanding how they work is essential to keeping your vehicle running smoothly.

What is a Differential?

A differential is a special gearbox that allows two wheels on the same axle to turn at different speeds. It does this by transferring power from the engine to the wheels through two gears of different diameters.

The engine turns one gear, which in turn spins the other gear at a slower speed. This process is known as “differentiating” and it allows one wheel to travel faster than the other when turning corners.

Types of Differentials

There are several types of differentials used in semi trucks, including open differentials, limited-slip differentials, and locking differentials. Open differentials are typically found in front-wheel-drive vehicles and they allow each wheel to spin freely and independently of each other.

Limited-slip differentials use clutches or gears to limit how much one wheel can spin relative to the other. Locking differentials are typically used in four-wheel-drive vehicles and they lock both wheels together so that they rotate at the same speed.

How Do Semi Truck Differentials Work?

Semi truck differentials work by transferring torque from the engine to each of the driven wheels through two gears of unequal size. As one wheel turns faster than the other due to cornering forces, less torque is transferred from one side of the differential than from the other side resulting in an equal distribution of power between both wheels. This ensures that no single tire carries more load than necessary and reduces wear on individual tires.

Conclusion:

Semi truck differentials are an integral part of any vehicle’s drivetrain system, allowing it to maneuver safely around corners by transferring power from one wheel to another while maintaining an even distribution of torque between them. By understanding how semi truck differentials work, you can ensure your vehicle runs smoothly and efficiently for many years.

Photo of author

Stephen Dunn